Crafting Captivating Paragraphs: Understanding, Structure, and Types

Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh, In this occasion, I will share a little material about paragraphs. Hopefully, it will be beneficial :) Understanding Paragraphs A paragraph, often referred to as an 'alinea,' is a part of a discourse consisting of a set of sentences that refer to one topic (Semi, 1990:55; Arifin, 1993:113; Djajasudarma, 1994:64; Finoza, 2004:149). Paragraph Structure A paragraph consists of a topic sentence and several supporting sentences. The topic sentence contains the main idea or main topic of the paragraph, while the supporting sentences explain or support the main idea of the paragraph. The sentences in the paragraph must be related to each other (Arifin, 1993:121; Finoza, 2004:151). Types of Paragraphs A. Types of Paragraphs According to the Position of the Topic Sentence 1. Deductive Paragraph A deductive paragraph presents the main issue at the beginning of the paragraph. 2. Inductive Paragraph An inductive paragraph presents the main issue
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Crafting Abstracts: Understanding, Characteristics, and Types

Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh,

This time, I will share a bit of the material from my notes about abstracts.

An abstract is a brief presentation of a written work that can explain the content of the writing briefly to the reader. An abstract is a concise summary of a scientific writing.

Definition of Abstract

An abstract is a concise presentation form of a report or document written technically, carefully, without the author's criticism or interpretation.

Characteristics of Abstracts

1. Brief
Where the abstract only contains the research objectives, the working method from data collection to conclusions and results.

2. High Accuracy
Using original document sources carefully, easy to understand, and using the same words or terms as the original document.

3. Writing Form
The form of writing is: 
     a. Informative, qualitative, or quantitative 
     b. Descriptive, analytical, or deductive

4. Structure
  • Title of the report
  • Original author's name
  • Problem and objectives
  • How it works, process, or working method
  • Work results and validation of results
  • Conclusion
  • Initials of the abstract author

Types of Abstracts

1. Indicative Abstract
An abstract that briefly outlines the problems contained in the complete document.

2. Informative Abstract
An abstract is a miniature report that displays as much data from the report as possible so that abstract readers no longer need to read the original manuscript.

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